How to Name a Dinosaur

Most working paleontologists dont get the opportunity to name their own dinosaur. In fact, for the most part, paleontology is a somewhat anonymous and tedious occupation--the typical Ph.D. candidate spends most of her days laboriously removing encrusted dirt from newly discovered fossils. But the one chance a field worker really gets to shine is when he or she discovers--and gets to name--a brand-new dinosaur. (See The 10 Best Dinosaur Names, The 10 Worst Dinosaur Names, and the Greek Roots Used to Name Dinosaurs.) There are all sorts of ways to name dinosaurs. Some of the most famous genera are named after prominent anatomical features (e.g., Triceratops, Greek for three-horned face, or Spinosaurus, the spiny lizard), while others are named according to their presumed behavior (one of the most famous examples is Oviraptor, which means egg thief, even though the charges later turned out to be overblown). A bit less imaginatively, many dinosaurs are named after the regions where their fossils were discovered--witness the Canadian Edmontosaurus and the South American Argentinosaurus. Genus Names, Species Names, and the Rules of Paleontology In scientific publications, dinosaurs are usually referred to by their genus and species names. For example, Ceratosaurus comes in four different flavors: C. nasicornus, C. dentisulcatus, C. ingens, and C. roechlingi. Most ordinary people can get by with just saying Ceratosaurus, but paleontologists prefer to use both the genus and species names, especially when describing individual fossils. More often than you might think, a species of a particular dinosaur is promoted to its own genus--this has happened numerous times, for instance, with Iguanodon, some former species of which are now referred to as Mantellisaurus, Gideonmantellia, and Dollodon. According to the arcane rules of paleontology, a dinosaurs first official name is the one that sticks. For example, the paleontologist who discovered (and named) Apatosaurus later discovered (and named) what he thought was an entirely different dinosaur, Brontosaurus. When it was determined that Brontosaurus was the same dinosaur as Apatosaurus, official rights reverted back to the original name, leaving Brontosaurus as a deprecated genus. (This sort of thing doesnt only happen with dinosaurs; for example, the prehistoric horse, formerly known as Eohippus, now goes by the less user-friendly Hyracotherium.) Yes, Dinosaurs Can Be Named After People Surprisingly few dinosaurs are named after people, perhaps because paleontology tends to be a group effort and many practitioners dont like to call attention to themselves. Some legendary scientists, though, have been honored in dinosaur form: for example, Othnielia is named after Othniel C. Marsh (the same paleontologist who caused the whole Apatosaurus/Brontosaurus brouhaha), while Drinker wasnt a prehistoric alcoholic, but a dinosaur named after the 19th-century fossil hunter (and Marsh rival) Edward Drinker Cope. Other people-saurs include the amusingly named Piatnitzkysaurus and Becklespinax. Perhaps the most widely recognized people-saur of modern times is Leaellynasaura, which was discovered by a married pair of paleontologists in Australia in 1989. They decided to name this small, gentle ornithopod after their young daughter, the first time a child had ever been honored in dinosaur form--and they repeated the trick a few years later with Timimus, an ornithomimid dinosaur named after the husband of this famous duo. (In the past few years, there have been many more dinosaurs named after women, correcting a long-time historical imbalance.) The Silliest, and Most Impressive, Dinosaur Names Every working paleontologist, it seems, harbors the secret desire to come up with a dinosaur name so impressive, so profound, and so just-plain-cool that it results in reams of media coverage. Recent years have witnessed such unforgettable examples as Tyrannotitan, Raptorex and Gigantoraptor, even if the dinosaurs involved were less impressive than you might think (Raptorex, for example, was only about the size of a full-grown human, and Gigantoraptor wasnt even a true raptor, but a plus-sized relative of Oviraptor). Silly dinosaur names--if theyre within the bounds of good taste, of course--also have their place in the hallowed halls of paleontology. Probably the most famous example is Irritator, which received its name because the paleontologist restoring its fossil was feeling, well, particularly irritated that day. Recently, one paleontologist named a new horned, frilled dinosaur Mojoceratops (after the mojo in the expression Ive got my mojo working), and lets not forget the famous Dracorex hogwartsia, after the Harry Potter series, which was named by pre-teen visitors to the Childrens Museum of Indianapolis.

Women s Rights Of Female Athletes - 2133 Words

In 1972, Title IX has banned sexual unfairness not only in education programs, but also in the athletic programs. This federal law applies to all organizations that receive federal funds and must function in an equal manner. Gender equity has been a major problem in our society for quite some time, and now it has migrated to athletics. According to the Office of Civil Rights some keys issues which recipients have Title IX obligations are: â€Å"recruitment, admissions, financial assistance; athletics; sex-based harassment; treatment of pregnant and parenting students; discipline; single-sex education; and employment† (OCR, 2015). Fair treatment for female athletes has been a huge matter in athletics. The Office of Civil Rights issued guidelines offering equal opportunity rights to all athletes including the temporary disability of pregnant female athletes. Prior to OCR putting this policy to effect there were many reasons universities neglect pregnant female athletes. Accord ing to Pitt Law there are a few reasons: â€Å"first, too many individuals in society believe sport is â€Å"pervasively masculine organization that is constructed around men. Secondly, women’s ability to reproduce is used against them to exclude them from sports. Furthermore, the â€Å"beliefs of gender and race have long combined to stigmatize young women who have children outside of marriage and in precarious financial circumstances† (Brake, 2008). For any athlete committing to a university on behalf of a sport theShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality : Women And Women1103 Words   |  5 PagesThere are hundreds and thousands of athletes all around the world but the main problem in the athlete world is gender inequality, women are not shown equal as men. They are discriminated in many ways such as pay, employment opportunities, value of women s sport, media coverage etc. Despite the federal law passed called Title IX that â€Å"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination. there isRead MoreThe Importance Of Equal Pay, Rights And Opportunity For Women Involved With Sports1629 Words   |  7 Pageslack of equal pay, rights and opportunity for women involved with sports. This topic was selected because this is evident based on the staggering numbers of women performing and displaying either equal or more in terms of succes s, achievement or work load and still are behind when comparing salaries between men and women. Hopefully, this podcast will shine some light on this subject and bring awareness. Based on prior research conducted the numbers are comparing the USA women s soccer. It is safeRead MoreGender Inequality : Women And Women1242 Words   |  5 PagesGender Inequality There are hundreds and thousands of athletes all around the world but the main problem in the athlete world is gender inequality, women are not shown equal as men. They are discriminated in many ways such as pay, employment opportunities, value of women s sport, media coverage etc. Despite the federal law passed called Title IX that â€Å"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discriminationRead MoreFemale Athletes And Male Athletes1741 Words   |  7 Pages According to Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, â€Å"Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in [the] Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.† Because of the establishment of this international document, much progression toward the equal ity of rights for all with inherited and acquired traits has been achieved overRead MoreGender Verification And Female Athletes Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagesessential to female sports fearing that male would be a fraudulent to participate in a female sport. However, the purpose of the verification method is to create a fair competitive sports game for female athletes. Gender verifications can be considered a good method to sustain the integrity of sport, but the procedure of examining the athletes have to be done differently. The IOC requirements are to determine and verify the aspects of genetic and characteristic of the female athletes. Gender verificationRead MoreSex Tests Are Necessary For Integrity Of Sport Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pagessports game for female athletes. According to Medical Dictionary, the definition of â€Å"Gender Verification Sex chromosome testing in the Olympic Games, to prevent genetic males from masquerading as females in womens’ events† (Gender Verification 2014). 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Science has proven their bodies to anatomically different and in return, society has made science a justification for oppression. The Chapter, â€Å"Biological Data†, in The Second Sex by Simone De Beauvoir, looks at the human biology and its’ relation to society. According to Beauvoir, a women’s body is not an enough to define her and biology alone shouldn’t be the driving factor in society making women the Other. The Other is women being place secondary to men andRead MoreFemale Athletes And Sports Teams Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Essay Female athletes and sports leagues are viewed as less important than men’s professional athletics. This is because gender stereotypes are still evident in our society, which is shown in the way women are presented in sports media and that sports leadership roles are mainly male oriented in our society. There is a small percentage of female voicing at the higher levels of sports organizations, in Australian and Canadian leagues. 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Female managers at Nagel Free Essays

One of the most important issues concerning the workforce at Nagel Partners is its gender demographic. The proportion of male to female employees is approximately even at the lower levels. However, the number of female role models available to these women employees is disproportionately low, amounting to only about 10% at the executive levels. We will write a custom essay sample on Female managers at Nagel or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nagel Partners’ executives have expressed concern about the profitability of training more female employees to fill managerial and executive positions, and this concern is justified. However, it would prove very beneficial to this firm to embark on such a training scheme, since many women do tend to give out their best performance under situations that are generally different from those that male leaders and managers are able create. One of the major divisions in leadership type is between task-oriented (production-oriented) and relationship-oriented (employee-oriented) leaders. While a task-oriented leader tends to focus on the accomplishment of production goals, relationship-oriented leaders are foremost concerned with the well-being of their subordinates (Lewitz Bem, 1983). However, once the task has been accomplished, the task-oriented leader is usually better able to focus on relationships. The opposite is true for relationship-oriented leaders, who are able to facilitate the optimal completion of tasks once it has been established that needs of subordinates (or of the group) have been met (1983). In a firm like Nagel Partners, which focuses on a predominantly task oriented job (accounting), task orientation is a necessity. However, considering that employees are human beings, a holistic look at management would warrant the inclusion of a more relationship-based orientation. The type of leader that a woman will prove to be (whether task- or relationship-oriented) may have an impact on her performance as a manager. Though this cannot be considered true in all instances, women have generally been perceived as being more relationship-oriented than men (â€Å"Masculine and Feminine,† 2005). This has also been seen by many as having the ability to affect productivity as a manager in a task-oriented firm. However, in a firm with such a large population of valuable women workers as Nagel Partners, it can be seen that women do have the capability to perform tasks well. Furthermore, it has been stated by several leadership researchers that leaders who are relationship oriented lead divisions that perform as well as those of leaders who are task-oriented (2005). One of the keys behind this is the fact that relationship-oriented leaders are capable of creating an atmosphere in which tasks can be performed at optimal levels (2005). Since women generally have a natural proclivity toward being relationship oriented (â€Å"Masculine and Feminine,† 2005), then the need for such a leader might be considered to be very large at Nagel Partners. Females workers trained to occupy leadership positions are likely to have a positive effect on the productivity of their female subordinates, as they have a natural inclination toward creating the atmosphere in which these persons can produce their best work. Training would, however, likely be necessary in an effort to increase these female managers’ tendency toward the more task-oriented goals of giving directions to and setting standards for employees. The ability for employees to identify with those in leadership positions is also an important component in a manager’s power or influence with employees. The large proportion of women on the payroll at Nagel Partners would allow for increased identification, were more women to be trained and placed in managerial and executive positions. Despite this fact, it has also been shown that many females have trouble subordinating men (Lewitz Bem, 1983). Some women may have an innate problem with this, while others might come across male employees who are reluctant to behave subordinately toward a female manager. Since as many men as women work at Nagel Partners, training is necessary to improve prospective female managers’ ability to relate well to both sexes. This is an especially good idea since it has been shown that training has the ability to transform less assertive women by increasing their assertiveness in given situations. Women were able to increase the efficacy of their performance in mixed-sex groups as a result of such intervention (1983). Therefore, training women to become managers in this firm would prove beneficial. One possible challenge to be faced by increasing the number of female managers is that in the workforce culture of the United States, masculinity as a leadership type seems to be generally given a higher value. First of all, this operates under the assumption that achievement and assertiveness are masculine traits. While this is not always the case, when training female leaders, considerations should be made regarding methods of enhancing (or, if need be, instilling) those attributes. The fact that these women will be leading other women makes any inherent femininity traits an invaluable leadership tool. However, the fact that these women would also be leading men makes it necessary that those who do not already possess masculinity traits be trained in that area. All these factors would make the training of female managers very beneficial to Nagel Partners. References â€Å"The ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’ sides of leadership and culture: perception vs. reality.† (2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leadership and Change. October. U. of Penn. Retrieved on February 23, 2007 from Lewittes, H. J. S. L. Bem. (1983). â€Å"Training women to be more assertive in mixed-sex task-  Ã‚   oriented discussions.† Behavioral Science. 9(5), 581-596.    How to cite Female managers at Nagel, Essay examples

Issue 7 Should Abstinence Be the Goal for Treating People with Alcohol Problems free essay sample

University of Phoenix Material Critical Issue Analysis (Tamara Hayes) Week 4†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Issue 7: Should Abstinence Be the Goal for Treating People with Alcohol Problems? After reading the selected critical issue, use the following questions to analyze the issue. 1. What are at least two facts presented by each side of the critical issue? YES FACT 1: Studies show that about half of people wanting to stop drinking are successful (Halgen, 2009). Fact 2: Abstinence is the goal for treatment on alcohol not just the twelve step program. NO FACT 1: Alcoholic experts state that most drunk driving offenders are not alcoholics. Yet they are presently the largest group of people in a court order program. FACT 2: A study in 1990 found that more three quarters of two hundred randomly selected treatment programs saw controlled drinking as an unaccepted goal† (Halgen, 2009, p. 184). 2. What are at least two opinions presented by each side of the critical issue? †¢ YES Opinion 1: Abstinence does not mean the recovery alcoholic will have a life of sadness due to feeling deprived. Opinion 2: Because of how hard abstinence is, it might take more than one attempt to stop (Halgen, 2009). NO Opinion 1: Not all people who abuse alcohol are alcoholics. Opinion 2: There can be abusers of alcohol, who are people drinking irresponsible and who are not alcoholics (Halgen, 2009).. 3. What are some of the strengths associated with the Pro side of the issue? What are some of the weaknesses? Strength: A strong argument for abstinence is that if one has trouble controlling their drinking then how would one modify it. Weakness: Yet AA will also say that if you are a moderate alcoholic then you should be able to modify your drinking. I just get this statement. I do not see people as little alcoholics. This I would consider to be the weaker side of defending abstinence. 4. What are some of the strengths associated with the Con side of the issue? What are some of the weaknesses? Strength: I read the section and I really am having a hard time coming up with the strengths of this side. I guess I could say that there are a few people who CLAIM to be alcoholics, who can drink moderately. I personally believe they were never alcoholics to begin with. Weakness: Just because a few people can drink reasonably, doesn’t mean it should be taught to alcoholics. 5. How credible were the authors of each argument? Explain your answer. Owen holds her doctoral and masters degrees in adult clinical psychology and a M. H. A. degree in health care administration from the University of Minnesota. She has also published numerous articles on chemical dependency and has given presentations at many national conferences. She was the director of Butler Center for research and Education at the Hazelden Institute in Center City, Minnesota (Moyers, n. d. ). Her passion for helping people with addictions started well over 20 years ago. Owen thought she would train for three months; learn a little about addiction in a psychiatric hospital, and then move on to a private practice (Moyers, n. d. ). The three months would change her life forever. Owen learned that people with addiction could really change, unlike other mental illnesses. People could live a normal life free from medication, with the help of other addicts and a higher spiritual power. This fascinated Owen (Moyers, n. d. ). So after reading Owens back ground I believe she is the most creditable in the area of abstinence. It is the area of study that Owen has dedicated her life to. 6. Based on the statements presented in this critical issue, which author do you agree with? Why? Dr. Owens side makes more sense to me. I also personal believe in abstinence. I have been married to two different alcoholics. Both men tried many programs to stay sober. The only program that worked the longest for both men was abstinence. Once they had a beer they could not stop. One husband would start by drinking one beer and could not stop until he passed out. The other man would start by drinking a beer or two a night and over a few weeks it would worsen until someone got hurt, always me! I have known to many friends and family members who abstinence from alcohol was the only way. I told my ex husband that I truly believed it was harder for me to lose weight than for him to stop drinking. He could try to stop drinking, but if I stopped eating I would literally die. Living with just eating a little is extremely hard! 1. Which side of this critical issue does contemporary research support? Please provide specific examples in your response. | | Currently abstinence is the side that contemporary researcher’s support. | | |The 12 step program has been in the past and still continues to be the most | | |successful and popular program for an alcoholic. The program promotes | | |abstinence. One will rely on their high power, the support of group members, | | |and a mentor to stay sober. This is also a program that Owens recommends. | | | | | | | | | | | |REFERNCES | | | | | | | | |Halgin, R. 2009). Taking sides: Clashing views in abnormal psychology | | |(5thed. ). New York: McGraw Hill. Professional regulation. (n. d). | | | | | |Moyers. (n. d. )An interview with patricia owen, ph. d. , Retrieved June 1, 2011 | | | | | |From http://www. thirteen. org/closetohome/treatment/html/owen. html | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |